2020河北唐山教师资格证备考技巧：四步搞定非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的种类
动名词(doing)，不定式(to do)，现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)
二.非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式的变化形式
主动被动
将来to doto be done
进行to be doing
完成to have doneto have been done
分词的变化形式
主动被动
一般doing done
进行doing being done
完成having done having been done/ done
三.非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分
不定式主语宾语宾补表语定语状语
动名词主语宾语 表语定语
分词 宾补表语定语状语
四.非谓语动词解题四大步骤
一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”：看有无连词and，but等，有连词就不缺非谓语动词，没有连词考虑非谓语动词。
1.______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2.____ many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told B. Being told
C. He had been told D. Though he was told
答案：CA 看有无连词and，but等，有连词就不缺非谓语动词，没有连词考虑非谓语动词。
3.It ___ a hot day, we’d better go swimming.
4. ____ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.
A.is B. to be C. being
D.It being E. It was F. been
答案：CE看符号，连接两个简单句的是分号时不考虑用非谓语动词;反之则考虑用非谓语动词。
二)分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立主格。
1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.
2.She is reading a book found on the way.
3.Most of the artists invited to the party werefrom South Africa.
总结：
1.作定语时，逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词;
2.作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语;
3.作表语、宾语或状语时，其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语,
三)分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.____from space , we can see the earth is blue.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
答案：AB
四)分析时态
关键看时间副词决定非谓语动词的时态
1. The building ____ now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building _____ last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B.to be built
C. being built D. built
答案：CBD
二、非谓语动词的七大经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
答案：D由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系。
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